Isakhiwo kanye nempahla
Ukukhipha ishajaikhawuntayakhiwe nge-valve element, i-silicon bridge type rectifier, i-capacitor, i-electromagneticikhawuntafuthi maduze nje, isebenzisa amandla okubamba (ukwanda kwamanje kanye nokwanda kwamandla kagesi) ukudonsa i-voltage ku-valve element (ukumelana okungekona okuqondile), bese ishaja ku-capacitor ngendlela eyodwa nge-sllicon bridge typerectifier, yenza ama-coil okukhipha i-electromagnetic coun-ter ngohlobo lwamandla e-DC ukuhambisa i-counter, ukuze ibone ukuthi izintambo ezisebenzayo zingaqoshwa.
Ikhawunta yokukhipha amandla yakhiwe nge-valve element, i-silicon bridge type retifer, i-capacitor, i-electromagnetic counter njalo njalo, isebenzisa amandla okubopha (i-surgecurrent kanye ne-power frequency current) ukudonsa i-voltage ku-valve element (engeyona i-linear resistanc-e), bese ishaja i-capacitor ngendlela eyodwa nge-silion bridge type retifer, yenza ama-coil e-electromagnetic count-er discharge ngesimo samandla e-DC ukuhambisa ikhawunta, ukuze ibone ukuthi izikhathi zokusebenza zingaqoshwa.