1. Iyini isivikelo sokuvuza?
Impendulo: Isivikelo sokuvuza (iswishi yokuvikela ukuvuza) iyithuluzi lokuphepha likagesi. Isivikelo sokuvuza sifakwe kwisekethe ye-voltage ephansi. Uma kwenzeka ukuvuza nokushaqeka kukagesi, futhi inani lamanje lokusebenza elinqunyelwe yisivikelo lifinyelelwa, lizosebenza ngokushesha futhi linqamule ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunikezwa kukagesi esikhathini esinqunyelwe sokuvikela.
2. Iyini isakhiwo sesivikelo sokuvuza?
Impendulo: Isivikelo sokuvuza sakhiwe kakhulu yizingxenye ezintathu: isici sokuthola, isixhumanisi sokukhulisa esiphakathi, kanye ne-actuator esebenzayo. ①Isici sokuthola. Sakhiwe ama-transformer alandelanayo angenalutho, athola ukuvuza kwamanje futhi athumele izimpawu. ② sandisa isixhumanisi. Khulisa isignali yokuvuza ebuthakathaka bese wakha isivikelo sikagesi kanye nesivikelo sikagesi ngokwemishini ehlukene (ingxenye yokukhulisa ingasebenzisa amadivayisi emishini noma amadivayisi kagesi). ③ umzimba ophethe. Ngemva kokwamukela isignali, iswishi eyinhloko iyashintshwa isuka endaweni evaliwe iye endaweni evulekile, ngaleyo ndlela inqamule ukunikezwa kwamandla, okuyisici esikhubekisayo sesekethe evikelwe ukuze inqanyulwe kugridi yamandla.
3. Iyini isimiso sokusebenza sesivikelo sokuvuza?
impendulo:
①Uma imishini kagesi ivuza, kuba nezimo ezimbili ezingavamile:
Okokuqala, ibhalansi yamanje yesigaba sesithathu iyabhujiswa, bese kwenzeka ugesi we-zero-sequence;
Okwesibili ukuthi kukhona i-voltage eya phansi ekhasejini lensimbi elingashajwanga ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile (ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ikhaseji lensimbi kanye nomhlabathi kokubili akunamandla anele).
②Umsebenzi we-transformer yamanje engu-zero-sequence. Isivikelo sokuvuza sithola isignali engavamile ngokutholwa kwe-transformer yamanje, eguqulwa futhi idluliselwe ngendlela ephakathi ukuze yenze i-actuator isebenze, bese ukunikezwa kwamandla kunqanyulwa ngedivayisi yokushintsha. Isakhiwo se-transformer yamanje sifana nese-transformer, esakhiwe ngamakhoyili amabili ahlanganiswe komunye nomunye futhi aboshwe enkabeni efanayo. Uma i-coil eyinhloko inomsinga osele, i-coil yesibili izobangela umsinga.
③Umgomo wokusebenza wesivikelo sokuvuza Isivikelo sokuvuza sifakiwe emgqeni, ikhoyili eyinhloko ixhunywe nomugqa wegridi yamandla, kanti ikhoyili yesibili ixhunywe nokukhululwa kusivikelo sokuvuza. Uma imishini kagesi isebenza kahle, ugesi okhona emgqeni usesimweni esilinganiselwe, futhi isamba samavekhtha wamanje ku-transformer singu-zero (ugesi uyivekhtha enesiqondiso, njengokuthi isiqondiso sokuphuma singu-"+", isiqondiso sokubuya singu-"-", ku-. Imisinga eya emuva naphambili ku-transformer ilingana ngobukhulu nangokuphambene, futhi emihle nengemihle iyaphambana). Njengoba kungekho ugesi osele ku-coil eyinhloko, ikhoyili yesibili ngeke ibangelwe, futhi idivayisi yokushintsha yesivikelo sokuvuza isebenza esimweni esivaliwe. Lapho ukuvuza kwenzeka ekhasejini lemishini futhi othile eyithinta, kukhiqizwa i-shunt endaweni yephutha. Lo mshini wokuvuza ugxiliswa emzimbeni womuntu, emhlabeni, futhi ubuyela endaweni engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer (ngaphandle kwe-transformer yamanje), okwenza i-transformer igeleze ingene futhi iphume. Ugesi awulingani (isamba samavektha wamanje asiwona u-zero), futhi ikhoyili eyinhloko ikhiqiza ugesi osele. Ngakho-ke, ikhoyili yesibili izofakwa, futhi lapho inani lamanje lifinyelela inani lamanje lokusebenza elinqunyelwe yisivikelo sokuvuza, inkinobho ezenzakalelayo izokhubeka futhi amandla azonqanyulwa.

4. Yiziphi izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko zomvikeli wokuvuza?
Impendulo: Amapharamitha okusebenza ayinhloko yile: ukuvuza okulinganiselwe, isikhathi sokusebenza sokuvuza okulinganiselwe, ukuvuza okulinganiselwe okungasebenzi. Amanye amapharamitha afaka: imvamisa yamandla, i-voltage elinganiselwe, i-current elinganiselwe, njll.
①Umthamo wamanje wokuvuza olinganisiwe Inani lamanje lesivikelo sokuvuza elizosebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Isibonelo, kusivikelo esingu-30mA, lapho inani lamanje elingenayo lifika ku-30mA, isivikelo sizothatha isinyathelo sokunqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla.
②Isikhathi sokusebenza kokuvuza okulinganiselwe sibhekisela esikhathini kusukela ekusetshenzisweni okungazelelwe komsinga wesenzo sokuvuza okulinganiselwe kuze kube yilapho isekethe yokuvikela inqanyulwa. Isibonelo, kumvikeli ongu-30mA×0.1s, isikhathi kusukela enanini lamanje elifinyelela ku-30mA kuya ekuhlukanisweni kokuxhumana okuyinhloko asidluli u-0.1s.
③Umthamo wamanje ongasebenzi olinganiselwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezibekiwe, inani lamanje lesivikelo sokuvuza esingasebenzi ngokuvamile kufanele likhethwe njengengxenye yenani lamanje lokuvuza. Isibonelo, isivikelo sokuvuza esinomsinga wokuvuza ongu-30mA, lapho inani lamanje lingaphansi kuka-15mA, isivikelo akufanele sisebenze, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula ukungasebenzi kahle ngenxa yokuzwela okuphezulu kakhulu, okuthinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini kagesi.
④Ezinye izinhlaka ezifana: imvamisa yamandla, i-voltage elinganisiwe, i-current elinganisiwe, njll., lapho ukhetha isivikelo sokuvuza, kufanele sihambisane nesekethe kanye nemishini kagesi esetshenziswayo. I-voltage yokusebenza yesivikelo sokuvuza kufanele ivumelane ne-voltage elinganisiwe yebanga lokuguquguquka elijwayelekile legridi yamandla. Uma ukushintshashintsha kukhulu kakhulu, kuzothinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwesivikelo, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni kagesi. Uma i-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla iphansi kune-voltage yokusebenza elinganisiwe yesivikelo, izokwenqaba ukusebenza. I-current yokusebenza elinganisiwe yesivikelo sokuvuza kufanele futhi ihambisane ne-current yangempela kwisekethe. Uma i-current yokusebenza yangempela inkulu kune-current elinganisiwe yesivikelo, izobangela ukugcwala ngokweqile futhi ibangele ukuthi isivikelo singasebenzi kahle.
5. Uyini umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuvikela wesivikelo sokuvuza?
Impendulo: Isivikelo sokuvuza sihlinzeka kakhulu ngesivikelo sokuxhumana okungaqondile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, singasetshenziswa njengesivikelo esengeziwe sokuxhumana ngqo ukuvikela izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi ezingaba yingozi.
6. Kuyini ukuvikelwa kokuxhumana okuqondile kanye nokuvikelwa kokuxhumana okungaqondile?
Impendulo: Uma umzimba womuntu uthinta umzimba oshajiwe futhi kukhona ugesi odlula emzimbeni womuntu, kubizwa ngokuthi ukushaqeka kukagesi emzimbeni womuntu. Ngokusho kwembangela yokushaqeka kukagesi emzimbeni womuntu, kungahlukaniswa kube ukushaqeka kukagesi okuqondile kanye nokushaqeka kukagesi okungaqondile. Ukushaqeka kukagesi okuqondile kubhekisela ekushaqekeni kukagesi okubangelwa umzimba womuntu ukuthinta umzimba oshajiwe ngqo (njengokuthinta umugqa wesigaba). Ukushaqeka kukagesi okungaqondile kubhekisela ekushaqekeni kukagesi okubangelwa umzimba womuntu ukuthinta umqhubi wensimbi ongashajiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile kodwa oshajiwe ngaphansi kwezimo zamaphutha (njengokuthinta ikheyiji yedivayisi evuzayo). Ngokwezizathu ezahlukene zokushaqeka kukagesi, izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi nazo zihlukaniswe ngokuthi: ukuvikelwa kokuthintana ngqo kanye nokuvikelwa kokuthintana okungaqondile. Ukuze kuvikelwe kokuthintana ngqo, izinyathelo ezifana nokushisa, isembozo sokuvikela, ucingo, kanye nebanga lokuphepha ngokuvamile zingasetshenziswa; ukuze kuvikelwe kokuthintana okungaqondile, izinyathelo ezifana nokuvikela phansi (ukuxhuma ku-zero), ukuvimba kokuvikela, kanye nesivikelo sokuvuza ngokuvamile zingasetshenziswa.
7. Iyini ingozi uma umzimba womuntu ushaywe ugesi?
Impendulo: Uma umzimba womuntu ushaywa ugesi, uma ugesi ungena emzimbeni womuntu umkhulu, uma ugesi wesigaba uhlala isikhathi eside, kuba yingozi kakhulu. Izinga lengozi lingahlukaniswa cishe ngezigaba ezintathu: ukuqonda - ukuphuma - i-ventricular fibrillation. ① Isigaba sokubona. Ngenxa yokuthi ugesi odlulayo mncane kakhulu, umzimba womuntu ungawuzwa (ngokuvamile ungaphezu kuka-0.5mA), futhi awulimazi umzimba womuntu ngalesi sikhathi; ② Susa isigaba. Kubhekisela enanini lamanje eliphezulu (ngokuvamile lingaphezu kuka-10mA) umuntu angalisusa lapho i-electrode ishaywa ugesi ngesandla. Nakuba lo mshini uyingozi, ungawususa ngokwawo, ngakho-ke empeleni awuyona ingozi ebulalayo. Lapho ugesi ukhuphuka uye ezingeni elithile, umuntu oshaywa ugesi uzobamba umzimba oshajelwe ngokuqinile ngenxa yokufinyela kwemisipha kanye nokuqaqamba, futhi akakwazi ukuwususa ngokwakhe. ③ Isigaba se-ventricular fibrillation. Ngokwanda kwamandla kagesi kanye nesikhathi eside sokushaqeka kukagesi (ngokuvamile esingaphezu kuka-50mA no-1s), kuzokwenzeka i-ventricular fibrillation, futhi uma ugesi unganqanyulwa ngokushesha, kuzoholela ekufeni. Kungabonakala ukuthi i-ventricular fibrillation iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa nge-electrocution. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa kwabantu ngokuvamile akubangelwa yi-ventricular fibrillation, njengesisekelo sokunquma izici zokuvikela ze-electrical shock.
8. Kuyini ukuphepha kwe-“30mA·s”?
Impendulo: Ngenani elikhulu lokuhlolwa kwezilwane kanye nezifundo, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi i-ventricular fibrillation ayihlobene nje kuphela nomsinga (I) odlula emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa futhi ihlobene nesikhathi (t) lapho umsinga uhlala khona emzimbeni womuntu, okungukuthi, inani likagesi eliphephile Q=I × t ukunquma, ngokuvamile 50mA s. Okusho ukuthi, lapho umsinga ungekho ngaphezu kuka-50mA futhi ubude bamanje bungaphakathi kwama-1s, i-ventricular fibrillation ngokuvamile ayiveli. Kodwa-ke, uma ilawulwa ngokwe-50mA·s, lapho isikhathi sokuvula amandla sifushane kakhulu futhi umsinga odlulayo mkhulu (isibonelo, 500mA×0.1s), kusenengozi yokubangela i-ventricular fibrillation. Nakuba ngaphansi kwama-50mA·s kungeke kubangele ukufa ngogesi, kuzophinde kubangele umuntu obanjwe ugesi ukuba alahlekelwe ingqondo noma abangele ingozi yokulimala kwesibili. Umkhuba ufakazele ukuthi ukusebenzisa ama-mA angu-30 njengesici sesenzo sedivayisi yokuvikela ukushaqeka kagesi kufaneleka kakhulu ngokuphepha ekusetshenzisweni nasekukhiqizweni, futhi kunesilinganiso sokuphepha esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.67 uma kuqhathaniswa nama-mA angu-50 (K=50/30 =1.67). Kungabonakala emkhawulweni wokuphepha we-“30mA·s” ukuthi noma ngabe ugesi ufinyelela ku-100mA, inqobo nje uma isivikelo sokuvuza sisebenza ngaphakathi kwama-0.3s futhi sinqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla, umzimba womuntu ngeke ubangele ingozi ebulalayo. Ngakho-ke, umkhawulo wama-mA·s angu-30 nawo usuyisisekelo sokukhetha imikhiqizo yesivikelo sokuvuza.

9. Yimiphi imishini kagesi okudingeka ifakwe enezivikelo zokuvuza?
Impendulo: Yonke imishini kagesi endaweni yokwakha kumele ifakwe idivayisi yokuvikela ukuvuza ekugcineni komugqa womthwalo wemishini, ngaphezu kokuxhunywa ku-zero ukuze kuvikelwe:
① Yonke imishini kagesi endaweni yokwakha kumele ifakwe izivikelo zokuvuza. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa okuvulekile, indawo enomswakama, ukushintsha kwabasebenzi, kanye nokuphathwa kwemishini okubuthakathaka, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kuyingozi, futhi yonke imishini kagesi iyadingeka ukuthi ifake imishini kagesi nokukhanyisa, imishini yeselula neyimile, njll. Ngokuqinisekile ayifaki imishini esebenza ngama-voltage aphephile kanye nama-transformer okuhlukaniswa.
②Izindlela zokuqala zokuvikela ukuvimba ugesi (ukubeka phansi) azikashintshi njengoba kudingeka, okuyisinyathelo sobuchwepheshe esiyisisekelo kakhulu sokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphephile futhi asinakususwa.
③Isivikelo sokuvuza sifakwe ekugcineni kwekhanda lomugqa womthwalo wemishini kagesi. Inhloso yalokhu ukuvikela imishini kagesi ngenkathi futhi kuvikela imigqa yomthwalo ukuvimbela izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi ezibangelwa umonakalo wokufakwa komshini wokushisa.
10. Kungani kufakwa isivikelo sokuvuza ngemva kokuba isivikelo sixhunywe kumugqa ongu-zero (ukufakwa phansi)?
Impendulo: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuvikelwa kuxhunywe ku-zero noma isilinganiso somhlaba, ububanzi bawo bokuvikelwa bunqunyelwe. Isibonelo, "ukuxhumeka kwe-zero yokuvikela" ukuxhuma i-casing yensimbi yemishini kagesi emgqeni we-zero wegridi yamandla, bese ufaka i-fuse ohlangothini lokunikezwa kwamandla. Lapho imishini kagesi ithinta iphutha legobolondo (isigaba sithinta igobolondo), kwakheka i-short circuit yesigaba esisodwa yomugqa we-zero ohlobene. Ngenxa yamandla amakhulu e-short-circuit, i-fuse ishaywa ngokushesha futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla kuyanqanyulwa ukuze kuvikelwe. Umgomo wayo osebenzayo ukushintsha "i-shell fault" ibe "i-short-circuit fault yesigaba esisodwa", ukuze kutholakale umshuwalense omkhulu wokusika ugesi we-short-circuit. Kodwa-ke, amaphutha kagesi endaweni yokwakha awavamile, futhi amaphutha okuvuza avame ukwenzeka, njengokuvuza okubangelwa ukumanzi kwemishini, umthwalo owedlulele, imigqa emide, ukuguga kokushisa, njll. Lawa manani wamanje okuvuza mancane, futhi umshuwalense awukwazi ukunqanyulwa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ukwehluleka ngeke kuqedwe ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi kuzoba khona isikhathi eside. Kodwa lo mshini wokuvuza ubeka usongo olukhulu ekuphepheni komuntu siqu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka futhi ukufaka isivikelo sokuvuza esinozwela oluphezulu ukuze kuvikelwe okwengeziwe.
11. Yiziphi izinhlobo zezivikelo zokuvuza?
Impendulo: Isivikelo sokuvuza sihlukaniswe ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokukhethwa kokusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, ngokwemodi yesenzo, singahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwesenzo se-voltage kanye nohlobo lwesenzo samanje; ngokwendlela yesenzo, kukhona uhlobo lokushintsha kanye nohlobo lokudlulisela; ngokwenani lezinsika nemigqa, kunezintambo ezimbili ezinezinsika ezimbili, izinsika ezimbili, izinsika ezimbili, njalo njalo. Okulandelayo kuhlukaniswe ngokuzwela kwesenzo kanye nesikhathi sesenzo: ①Ngokuzwela kwesenzo, singahlukaniswa kanje: Ukuzwela okuphezulu: ugesi wokuvuza ungaphansi kuka-30mA; Ukuzwela okuphakathi: 30~1000mA; Ukuzwela okuphansi: ngaphezu kuka-1000mA. ②Ngokuzwela kwesikhathi sesenzo, singahlukaniswa kanje: uhlobo olusheshayo: isikhathi sesenzo sokuvuza singaphansi kuka-0.1s; uhlobo lokulibaziseka: isikhathi sesenzo sikhulu kuno-0.1s, phakathi kuka-0.1-2s; uhlobo lwesikhathi esiphambene: njengoba ugesi wokuvuza ukhuphuka, isikhathi sesenzo sokuvuza siyancipha Okuncane. Uma kusetshenziswa ugesi osebenzayo ovuzayo olinganiselwe, isikhathi sokusebenza singu-0.2 ~ 1s; uma ugesi osebenzayo uphindwe ka-1.4 kunogesi osebenzayo, singu-0.1, 0.5s; uma ugesi osebenzayo uphindwe ka-4.4 kunogesi osebenzayo, singaphansi kuka-0.05s.
12. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezivikeli zokuvuza ze-elekthronikhi neze-electromagnetic?
Impendulo: Isivikelo sokuvuza sihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwe-elekthronikhi kanye nohlobo lwe-electromagnetic ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokukhubeka: ①Isivikelo sokuvuza sokukhubeka kohlobo lwe-electromagnetic, kanye nedivayisi yokukhubeka kwe-electromagnetic njengendlela ephakathi, lapho kwenzeka ukuvuza kwamanje, indlela iyakhubeka bese ukunikezwa kwamandla kunqanyulwa. Okubi kwalesi sivikelo yilezi: izindleko eziphezulu kanye nezidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinzuzo yilezi: izingxenye ze-electromagnetic zinokuphikisana okunamandla nokumelana nokushaqeka (ukushaqeka kwamanje kanye nokushaqeka kwamanje); akukho ukunikezwa kwamandla okusizayo okudingekayo; izici zokuvuza ngemva kokuhluleka kwe-zero voltage kanye nesigaba azishintshi. ②Isivikelo sokuvuza kwe-elekthronikhi sisebenzisa i-transistor amplifier njengendlela ephakathi. Lapho ukuvuza kwenzeka, kwandiswa yi-amplifier bese idluliselwa ku-relay, bese i-relay ilawula inkinobho yokunqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla. Izinzuzo zalesi sivikelo yilezi: ukuzwela okuphezulu (kufika ku-5mA); iphutha elincane lokusetha, inqubo elula yokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Okubi yilezi: i-transistor inekhono elibuthakathaka lokubekezelela ukushaqeka futhi inokumelana okuncane nokuphazamiseka kwemvelo; idinga ugesi osebenzayo osizayo (ama-amplifier kagesi ngokuvamile adinga ugesi we-DC ongaphezu kwama-volts ayishumi), ukuze izici zokuvuza zithinteke ngokuguquguquka kwe-voltage yokusebenza; lapho isekethe eyinhloko ingaphandle kwesigaba, ukuvikelwa kwesivikelo kuzolahleka.
13. Yimiphi imisebenzi yokuvikela ye-leaking circuit breaker?
Impendulo: Isivikelo sokuvuza ikakhulukazi idivayisi enikeza isivikelo lapho imishini kagesi inephutha lokuvuza. Lapho kufakwa isivikelo sokuvuza, kufanele kufakwe idivayisi eyengeziwe yokuvikela i-overcurrent. Uma kusetshenziswa i-fuse njengesivikelo se-short-circuit, ukukhethwa kwezincazelo zayo kufanele kuhambisane nekhono lokuvala lesivikelo sokuvuza. Njengamanje, i-leaking circuit breaker ehlanganisa idivayisi yokuvikela ukuvuza kanye ne-power switch (i-automatic air circuit breaker) isetshenziswa kabanzi. Lolu hlobo olusha lwe-power switch lunemisebenzi yokuvikela i-short circuit, isivikelo sokulayisha ngokweqile, isivikelo sokuvuza kanye nokuvikela i-undervoltage. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, izintambo zenziwa lula, ivolumu yebhokisi likagesi iyancishiswa futhi ukuphathwa kulula. Incazelo yemodeli ye-nameplate ye-residual current current breaker yile elandelayo: Naka lapho uyisebenzisa, ngoba i-residual current current breaker inezakhiwo eziningi zokuvikela, lapho kwenzeka ukukhubeka, imbangela yephutha kufanele ikhonjwe ngokucacile: Lapho i-residual current current breaker iphukile ngenxa ye-short circuit, isembozo kumele sivulwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi oxhumana nabo bakhona yini. Kukhona ukusha okukhulu noma imigodi; lapho i-circuit ikhubeka ngenxa yokukhubeka ngokweqile, ayikwazi ukuvalwa kabusha ngokushesha. Njengoba i-circuit breaker ifakwe i-thermal relay njengesivikelo sokulayisha ngokweqile, lapho ugesi olinganisiwe umkhulu kunogesi olinganisiwe, ishidi le-bimetallic liyagoba ukuze lihlukanise oxhumana nabo, futhi oxhumana nabo bangaphinde bavalwe ngemva kokuba ishidi le-bimetallic selipholile ngokwemvelo futhi libuyiselwe esimweni salo sokuqala. Lapho uhambo lubangelwa iphutha lokuvuza, imbangela kumele itholakale futhi iphutha lisuswe ngaphambi kokufakwa kwenye indawo. Ukuvala ngenkani akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Lapho i-leaking circuit breaker iphuka futhi ikhubeka, isibambo esifana ne-L sisesikhundleni esiphakathi. Uma siphinde savalwa, isibambo sokusebenza sidinga ukudonswa phansi (indawo yokuphuka) kuqala, ukuze indlela yokusebenza ivalwe kabusha, bese sivalwa phezulu. I-leaking circuit breaker ingasetshenziswa ukushintshanisa izinto zikagesi ezinamandla amakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-4.5kw) ezingasetshenziswa njalo ezintanjeni zikagesi.
14. Ungayikhetha kanjani isivikelo sokuvuza?
Impendulo: Ukukhetha isivikelo sokuvuza kufanele kukhethwe ngokuya ngenhloso yokusetshenziswa kanye nezimo zokusebenza:
Khetha ngokwenhloso yokuvikela:
①Ngenhloso yokuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi komuntu siqu. Uma ifakiwe ekugcineni komugqa, khetha isivikelo sokuvuza esishesha kakhulu nesizwela kakhulu.
②Ngemigqa yamagatsha esetshenziswa kanye nokufakwa kwemishini phansi ngenhloso yokuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi, sebenzisa izivikeli zokuvuza ezisheshayo nezizwela kakhulu.
③ Ukuze kusetshenziswe intambo yesiqu ngenhloso yokuvimbela umlilo obangelwa ukuvuza nokuvikela izintambo kanye nemishini, kufanele kukhethwe izivikeli zokuvuza ezibonisa ukuzwela okuphakathi kanye nokubambezeleka kwesikhathi.
Khetha ngokuya ngemodi yokunikezwa kwamandla:
① Uma uvikela imigqa yesigaba esisodwa (imishini), sebenzisa izivikeli zokuvuza ezinezinsika ezimbili noma ezinezinsika ezimbili ezinezinsika ezimbili.
② Uma uvikela imigqa yezigaba ezintathu (imishini), sebenzisa imikhiqizo yezinsika ezintathu.
③ Uma kukhona kokubili izigaba ezintathu kanye nesigaba esisodwa, sebenzisa imikhiqizo yezintambo ezine noma ezine ezinezinsika ezintathu. Uma ukhetha inani lezinsika zesivikelo sokuvuza, kumele lihambisane nenani lemigqa yomugqa okufanele uvikelwe. Inani lezinsika zesivikelo libhekisela enanini lezintambo ezinganqanyulwa oxhumana nabo beswishi bangaphakathi, njengesivikelo esinezinsika ezintathu, okusho ukuthi oxhumana nabo beswishi banganqamula izintambo ezintathu. Abavikeli bezintambo ezine ezinezinsika ezimbili, ezinezinsika ezimbili kanye nezinsika ezintathu bonke banentambo engathathi hlangothi edlula ngqo entweni yokuthola ukuvuza ngaphandle kokunqanyulwa. Umugqa ongasebenzi, lesi siphetho asivunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuxhumana nomugqa we-PE. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isivikelo sokuvuza esinezinsika ezintathu akufanele sisetshenziswe emishinini kagesi enezinsika ezimbili (noma ezinezinsika ezintathu). Akufanelekile futhi ukusebenzisa isivikelo sokuvuza esinezinsika ezine emishinini kagesi enezinsika ezintathu. Akuvunyelwe ukufaka esikhundleni isivikelo sokuvuza esinezinsika ezintathu ngesivikelo sokuvuza esinezinsika ezintathu.
15. Ngokwezidingo zokusatshalaliswa kwamandla okulinganiselwe, kufanele kube nezilungiselelo ezingaki ebhokisini likagesi?
Impendulo: Indawo yokwakha ngokuvamile isatshalaliswa ngokwamazinga amathathu, ngakho-ke amabhokisi kagesi kufanele abekwe ngokwezigaba, okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwebhokisi lokusabalalisa eliyinhloko, kukhona ibhokisi lokusabalalisa, futhi ibhokisi lokushintsha litholakala ngaphansi kwebhokisi lokusabalalisa, kanti imishini kagesi ingaphansi kwebhokisi lokushintsha. . Ibhokisi lokusabalalisa liyisixhumanisi esiphakathi sokudluliselwa kwamandla nokusatshalaliswa phakathi komthombo wamandla kanye nemishini kagesi ohlelweni lokusabalalisa. Liyidivayisi kagesi esetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla. Wonke amazinga okusabalalisa enziwa ngebhokisi lokusabalalisa. Ibhokisi lokusabalalisa eliyinhloko lilawula ukusatshalaliswa kwesistimu yonke, kanti ibhokisi lokusabalalisa lilawula ukusatshalaliswa kwegatsha ngalinye. Ibhokisi lokushintsha liwukuphela kwesistimu yokusabalalisa amandla, futhi phansi kukhona imishini kagesi. Imishini kagesi ngayinye ilawulwa yibhokisi layo lokushintsha elizinikele, isebenzisa umshini owodwa kanye nesango elilodwa. Ungasebenzisi ibhokisi lokushintsha elilodwa kumadivayisi amaningana ukuvimbela izingozi zokungasebenzi kahle; futhi ungahlanganisi ukulawula kwamandla nokukhanyisa ebhokisini lokushintsha elilodwa ukuvimbela ukukhanya ukuthi kungathinteki ukwehluleka kwemigqa kagesi. Ingxenye engenhla yebhokisi lokushintsha ixhunywe kugesi kanti ingxenye engezansi ixhunywe kumishini kagesi, evame ukusetshenziswa futhi eyingozi, futhi kumele inakwe. Ukukhethwa kwezingxenye zikagesi ebhokisini likagesi kumele kuhambisane nesekethe kanye nemishini kagesi. Ukufakwa kwebhokisi likagesi kuqondile futhi kuqinile, futhi kunendawo yokusebenza nxazonke kwalo. Akukho manzi amile noma izindawo ezomile phansi, futhi akukho mthombo wokushisa kanye nokudlidliza eduze. Ibhokisi likagesi kufanele livikeleke emvuleni futhi lingangeni uthuli. Ibhokisi lokushintsha akufanele libe ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu ukusuka emishinini ehleliwe okufanele ilawulwe.
16. Kungani kufanele usebenzise isivikelo esilinganisiwe?
Impendulo: Ngoba ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi aphansi kanye nokusatshalaliswa ngokuvamile kusebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla asezingeni. Uma isivikelo sokuvuza sifakwe kuphela ekugcineni komugqa (ebhokisini lokushintsha), yize umugqa wephutha unganqanyulwa lapho kwenzeka ukuvuza, ububanzi bokuvikela buncane; ngokufanayo, uma kuphela umugqa wesiqu segatsha (ebhokisini lokusabalalisa) noma umugqa wesiqu (ibhokisi lokusabalalisa eliyinhloko) kufakiwe Faka isivikelo sokuvuza, yize ububanzi bokuvikela bukhulu, uma imishini ethile kagesi ivuza futhi ikhubeka, kuzokwenza ukuthi lonke uhlelo lulahlekelwe amandla, okungagcini nje ngokuphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini engenaphutha, kodwa futhi kwenza kube nzima ukuthola ingozi. Ngokusobala, lezi zindlela zokuvikela azanele. Ngakho-ke, izidingo ezahlukene ezifana nomugqa nomthwalo kufanele zixhunywe, futhi abavikeli abanezimpawu ezahlukene zesenzo sokuvuza kufanele bafakwe emgqeni omkhulu we-voltage ephansi, umugqa wegatsha kanye nokuphela komugqa ukuze bakhe inethiwekhi yokuvikela ukuvuza esezingeni. Endabeni yokuvikela esezingeni, ububanzi bokuvikela obukhethiwe kuwo wonke amazinga kufanele babambisane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isivikelo sokuvuza ngeke sidlule isenzo lapho kwenzeka iphutha lokuvuza noma ingozi yokushaqeka kukagesi yomuntu siqu ekugcineni; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uma isivikelo sezinga eliphansi sehluleka, isivikelo sezinga eliphezulu sizosebenza ukulungisa isivikelo sezinga eliphansi. Ukwehluleka ngengozi. Ukusetshenziswa kwesivikelo esilinganisiwe kwenza imishini kagesi ngayinye ibe nezinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvuza ezingaphezu kwamazinga amabili, okungadali nje kuphela izimo zokusebenza eziphephile zemishini kagesi ekugcineni kwayo yonke imigqa yegridi yamandla aphansi, kodwa futhi kunikeza ukuxhumana okuningi okuqondile nokungaqondile kokuphepha komuntu siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunganciphisa ububanzi bokuphela kukagesi lapho kwenzeka iphutha, futhi kulula ukuthola nokuthola iphuzu lephutha, okunomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphephile, ukunciphisa izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi, nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokusebenza.