1. Yini isivikelo sokuvuza?
Impendulo: Isivikeli sokuvuza (iswishi yokuvikela ukuvuza) iyithuluzi lokuphepha likagesi. Isivikeli sokuvuza sifakwe kumjikelezo we-low-voltage. Uma ukuvuza nokushaqeka kukagesi kwenzeka, futhi nenani elisebenzayo lamanje elikhawulelwe yisivikeli lifinyelelwa, lizosebenza ngokushesha futhi linqamule ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunikezwa kwamandla ngesikhathi esilinganiselwe ukuze kuvikelwe.
2. Siyini isakhiwo somvikeli wokuvuza?
Impendulo: Isivikeli sokuvuza sakhiwe ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezintathu: into etholwayo, isixhumanisi sokukhulisa esimaphakathi, kanye ne-actuator esebenzayo. ①Isici sokutholwa. Iqukethe ama-zero-sequence transformers, athola ukuvuza kwamanje futhi athumele amasignali. ② khulisa isixhumanisi. Khulisa isignali yokuvuza ebuthakathaka futhi wenze isivikelo sikagesi kanye nesivikeli se-elekthronikhi ngokuya ngamadivayisi ahlukene (ingxenye yokukhulisa ingasebenzisa imishini eyimishini noma izinto zikagesi). ③ isigungu esiphezulu. Ngemva kokuthola isignali, iswishi eyinhloko iyashintshwa isuke endaweni evaliwe iye endaweni evulekile, ngaleyo ndlela inqamule ukunikezwa kwamandla, okuyingxenye yokukhubeka ukuze isekethe evikelekile inqanyulwe kugridi yamandla.
3. Iyini isimiso sokusebenza somvikeli wokuvuza?
impendulo:
①Uma izinto zikagesi zivuza, kunezinto ezimbili ezingavamile:
Okokuqala, ibhalansi yamanje yezigaba ezintathu ibhujiswa, futhi i-zero-sequence current iyenzeka;
Okwesibili ukuthi kune-voltage phansi endaweni yensimbi engashajwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile (ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-casing yensimbi kanye nomhlabathi kokubili kunamandla angu-zero).
②Umsebenzi we-transformer yamanje ye-zero-sequence yamanje Isivikeli sokuvuza sithola isignali engavamile ngokutholwa kwe-transformer yamanje, eguqulwa futhi idluliselwe ngomshini ophakathi ukuze yenze i-actuator isebenze, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla kuyanqanyulwa ngedivayisi yokushintsha. Ukwakheka kwe-transformer yamanje kufana ne-transformer, equkethe amakhoyili amabili ahlanganiswe komunye nomunye futhi alimala kumgogodla ofanayo. Uma ikhoyili yokuqala inezinsalela zamanje, ikhoyili yesibili izokwenza ukuthi ikhoyili ibe yamanje.
③Isimiso sokusebenza sesivikeli sokuvuza Isivikeli sokuvuza sifakwe kulayini, ikhoyili eyinhloko ixhunywe nolayini wegridi yamandla, futhi ikhoyili yesibili ixhunywe nokukhululwa kusivikeli sokuvuza. Lapho izinto zikagesi zisebenza ngokujwayelekile, i-current emgqeni isesimweni esilinganiselwe, futhi isamba samavektha akhona ku-transformer inguziro (i-current iyivector enesiqondiso, njengokuthi i-outflow direction ithi “+”, isiqondiso sokubuya sithi “-”, ku-The currents ebuyela emuva naphambili ku-transformer ayalingana ngobukhulu futhi aphikisanayo ngokuphazima kweso, kanti enye nenye i-offset, enye nenye i-offset). Njengoba kungekho msinga osele ekhoyilini yokuqala, ikhoyili yesibili ngeke iyengelwe, futhi umshini wokushintshela wesivikelo sokuvuza usebenza esimweni esivaliwe. Uma ukuvuza kwenzeka ku-casing yezinto zokusebenza futhi othile ezithinta, i-shunt ikhiqizwa endaweni yephutha. Lokhu kuvuza kwamanje kusekelwe emzimbeni womuntu, umhlaba, futhi kubuyela endaweni engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer (ngaphandle kwe-transformer yamanje), okwenza i-transformer igeleze futhi iphume. I-current ayilingani (isamba samavekhtha amanje asiwona uziro), futhi ikhoyili eyinhloko ikhiqiza amandla asalayo. Ngakho-ke, ikhoyili yesibili izoyengelwa, futhi lapho inani lamanje lifinyelela inani lamanje lokusebenza elilinganiselwe isivikeli sokuvuza, inkinobho ezenzakalelayo izokhubeka futhi amandla azonqanyulwa.

4. Yiziphi imingcele yezobuchwepheshe eyinhloko yomvikeli wokuvuza?
Impendulo: Amapharamitha wokusebenza okuyinhloko yilezi: ukuvuza okulinganiselwe okusebenzayo okwamanje, isikhathi sokusebenza sokuvuza esilinganiselwe, ukuvuza okulinganiselwe okungasebenzi okwamanje. Amanye amapharamitha afaka: imvamisa yamandla, i-voltage elinganiselwe, yamanje elinganiselwe, njll.
①Isilinganiso sokuvuza samanje Inani lamanje lesivikeli sokuvuza esizosebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Isibonelo, kusivikeli esingu-30mA, lapho inani lamanje elingenayo lifinyelela ku-30mA, umvikeli uzothatha isinyathelo sokunqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla.
②Isikhathi sesenzo sokuvuza esilinganiselwe sibhekisela esikhathini esisuka ekusetshenzisweni kungazelelwe kwesenzo sokuvuza esilinganiselwe kuze kube yilapho isifunda sokuvikela sinqanyulwa. Isibonelo, kumvikeli ongu-30mA×0.1s, isikhathi ukusuka kunani lamanje elifinyelela ku-30mA ukuya ekuhlukaniseni othintana naye oyinhloko aseqi ku-0.1s.
③Umthamo wokuvuza olinganiselwe ongasebenzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezishiwo, inani lamanje lesivikeli sokuvuza esingasebenzi ngokuvamile kufanele likhethwe njengengxenye yenani lamanje lokuvuza. Isibonelo, umvikeli wokuvuza onomsinga wokuvuza we-30mA, lapho inani lamanje lingaphansi kwe-15mA, umvikeli akufanele enze, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula ukungasebenzi ngenxa yokuzwela okukhulu kakhulu, okuthinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini kagesi.
④Eminye imingcele efana nalokhu: imvamisa yamandla, i-voltage elinganiselwe, yamanje elinganiselwe, njll., lapho kukhethwa isivikeli esivuzayo, kufanele ihambisane nesekhethi nezisetshenziswa zikagesi ezisetshenziswayo. I-voltage esebenzayo yesivikeli esivuzayo kufanele ivumelane ne-voltage elinganiselwe yobubanzi obujwayelekile bokuguquguquka kwegridi yamandla. Uma ukushintshashintsha kukukhulu kakhulu, kuzothinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwesivikeli, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi. Lapho i-voltage yokuphakela amandla iphansi kune-voltage elinganiselwe yokusebenza yesivikeli, izonqaba ukusebenza. Isilinganiso sokusebenza samanje sesivikeli sokuvuza kufanele futhi sihambisane namandla angempela kusekethe. Uma ukusebenza kwamanje kukhulu kunesilinganiso samanje sesivikeli, kuzobangela ukugcwala ngokweqile futhi kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwesivikelo.
5. Imuphi umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuvikela womvikeli wokuvuza?
Impendulo: Isivikeli sokuvuza sihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kokuxhumana okungaqondile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesivikelo esengeziwe sokuxhumana ngqo ukuze kuvikelwe izingozi ezingase zibe yingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi.
6. Kuyini ukuthintana okuqondile nokuvikelwa kokuxhumana okungaqondile?
Impendulo: Uma umzimba womuntu uthinta umzimba ogcwele amandla futhi kukhona umsinga odlulayo emzimbeni womuntu, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-electric shock emzimbeni womuntu. Ngokwembangela yokushaqeka kukagesi emzimbeni womuntu, ingahlukaniswa ngokushaqeka kagesi okuqondile kanye nokushaqeka kukagesi okungaqondile. Ukushaqeka kukagesi okuqondile kubhekisela ekushayweni kukagesi okubangelwa umzimba womuntu ukuthinta ngqo umzimba okhokhisiwe (njengokuthinta umugqa wesigaba). Ukushaqeka kukagesi okungaqondile kusho ukushaqeka kukagesi okubangelwa umzimba womuntu ukuthinta ikhondakta yensimbi engashajwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile kodwa ekhokhiswa ngaphansi kwezimo zephutha (njengokuthinta imbobo yesisetshenziswa esivuzayo). Ngokwezizathu ezihlukene zokushaqeka kukagesi, izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi nazo zihlukaniswe zibe: ukuvikelwa kokuxhumana okuqondile nokuvikelwa kokuxhumana okungaqondile. Ukuze kuvikelwe ukuthintana okuqondile, izinyathelo ezinjengokugqumisa, ikhava yokuvikela, uthango, kanye nebanga lokuphepha ngokuvamile zingathathwa; ukuze kuvikelwe ukuthintana okungaqondile, izinyathelo ezifana nokuvikela phansi (ukuxhuma ku-zero), ukunqamuka kokuvikela, nesivikelo sokuvuza ngokuvamile kungathathwa.
7. Iyiphi ingozi lapho umzimba womuntu ubanjwa ugesi?
Impendulo: Uma umzimba womuntu ubanjwa ugesi, lapho igagasi elikhulu ligeleza emzimbeni womuntu, lapho isigaba samanje sithatha isikhathi eside, kuba yingozi kakhulu. Izinga lobungozi lingahlukaniswa cishe ngezigaba ezintathu: umbono - ukuphunyuka - i-ventricular fibrillation. ① Isigaba sokubona. Ngenxa yokuthi umsinga odlulayo mncane kakhulu, umzimba womuntu ungawuzwa (ngokuvamile ungaphezu kuka-0.5mA), futhi awubeki monakalo emzimbeni womuntu ngalesi sikhathi; ② Lahla esiteji. Ibhekisela enanini eliphezulu lamanje (ngokuvamile elikhulu kuno-10mA) umuntu angalikhipha lapho i-electrode ishaywa ugesi ngesandla. Nakuba lo msinga uyingozi, ungawuqeda ngokwawo, ngakho empeleni awuyona ingozi ebulalayo. Uma izinga lamanje likhuphuka lifike ezingeni elithile, umuntu obanjwa ugesi uzobamba umzimba oshajelwe awuqinise ngenxa yokugoqeka kwemisipha kanye nokugobhoza, futhi ngeke akwazi ukukuqeda yedwa. ③ isiteji se-fibrillation ye-ventricular. Ngokunyuka kwamandla amanje kanye nesikhathi eside sokushaqeka kukagesi (ngokuvamile okukhulu kuno-50mA no-1s), i-fibrillation ye-ventricular izokwenzeka, futhi uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kunganqanyulwa ngokushesha, kuzoholela ekufeni. Kungabonakala ukuthi i-fibrillation ye-ventricular iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa ngenxa ye-electrocution. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa kwabantu ngokuvamile akubangelwa i-fibrillation ye-ventricular, njengesisekelo sokunquma izici zokuvikela zokushaqeka kagesi.
8. Kuyini ukuphepha kuka-“30mA·s”?
Impendulo: Ngokusebenzisa inani elikhulu lokuhlolwa kwezilwane kanye nezifundo, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi i-fibrillation ye-ventricular ayihlobene kuphela namanje (I) edlula emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa futhi ihlobene nesikhathi (t) ukuthi okwamanje ihlala emzimbeni womuntu, okungukuthi, inani eliphephile likagesi Q = I × t ukunquma, ngokuvamile i-50mA s. Okusho ukuthi, lapho i-current ingekho ngaphezu kwe-50mA futhi ubude bamanje bungaphakathi kwe-1s, i-fibrillation ye-ventricular ngokuvamile ayenzeki. Kodwa-ke, uma ilawulwa ngokuvumelana no-50mA·s, lapho isikhathi sokusebenza kwamandla sisifushane kakhulu futhi amandla adlulayo makhulu (isibonelo, 500mA×0.1s), kusekhona ingozi yokubangela ukuphefumula kwe-ventricular. Nakuba ngaphansi kuka-50mA·s kungeke kubangele ukufa ngenxa yokucwiliswa ugesi, kuzophinde kubangele ukuthi umuntu obanjwe ugesi alahlekelwe ukwazi noma kubangele ingozi yokulimala yesibili. Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi ukusebenzisa ama-30 mAs njengesici sesenzo sedivayisi yokuvikela ukushaqeka kukagesi kufaneleka kakhulu ngokwemibandela yokuphepha ekusetshenzisweni nasekukhiqizeni, futhi kunezinga lokuphepha izikhathi ezingu-1.67 uma kuqhathaniswa no-50 mA s (K=50/30 =1.67). Kungabonakala emkhawulweni wokuphepha we-“30mA·s” ukuthi noma i-current ifinyelela ku-100mA, inqobo nje uma isivikelo sokuvuza sisebenza phakathi kwama-0.3s futhi sinqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla, umzimba womuntu ngeke ubangele ingozi ebulalayo. Ngakho-ke, umkhawulo wama-30mA·s usuphenduke futhi isisekelo sokukhethwa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela ukuvuza.

9. Yiziphi izinto zikagesi ezidinga ukufakwa nezivikeli zokuvuza?
Impendulo: Zonke izinto ezisebenza ngogesi esizeni sokwakha kumele zibe nedivaysi yokuvikela ukuvuza ekugcineni kwentambo yokulayisha impahla, ngaphezu kokuxhunywa kuqanda ukuze kuvikelwe:
① Zonke izinto ezisebenza ngogesi esizeni sokwakha zizohlonyiswa ngezivikeli ezivuzayo. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwendawo evulekile, indawo enomswakama, ukushintsha izisebenzi, nokuphathwa kwemishini ebuthakathaka, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kuyingozi, futhi zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa ugesi ziyadingeka ukuze zihlanganisa amandla nezibani zokukhanyisa, izinto eziphathwayo nezimile, njll. Ngokuqinisekile akubandakanyi okokusebenza okunikwa amandla amandla kagesi aphephile kanye nama-isolation transformer.
②Izinyathelo zoqobo zokuvikela zeroing (grounding) azikashintshi njengoba kudingekile, okuyisilinganiso sobuchwepheshe esiyisisekelo sokusebenzisa ugesi ngokuphephile futhi asikwazi ukususwa.
③Isivikeli sokuvuza sifakwe ekugcineni komugqa wokulayisha wezinto zikagesi. Inhloso yalokhu ukuvikela impahla kagesi kuyilapho kuvikela izintambo zikagesi ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi ezibangelwa ukulimala kolayini.
10. Kungani kufakwa isivikelo sokuvuza ngemva kokuba isivikelo sixhunywe kumugqa onguziro(isisekelo)?
Impendulo: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuvikelwa kuxhunywe ku-zero noma isilinganiso esiphansi, ububanzi baso bokuvikela bunomkhawulo. Isibonelo, "ukuvikela i-zero connection" iwukuxhuma i-casing yensimbi yezinto zikagesi kumugqa onguziro wegridi yamandla, bese ufaka i-fuse ohlangothini lokunikezwa kwamandla. Lapho izinto zikagesi zithinta iphutha legobolondo (isigaba sithinta igobolondo), kwakheka isifunda esifushane sesigaba esisodwa somugqa onguziro ohlobene. Ngenxa yamanje enkulu ye-short-circuit current, i-fuse ishaywa ngokushesha futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla kuyanqanyulwa ukuze kuvikelwe. Umgomo wayo wokusebenza uwukushintsha "iphutha legobolondo" libe "iphutha lesigaba esisodwa se-short-circuit", ukuze kutholwe umshwalense omkhulu we-short-circuit wamanje wokunqanyulwa. Kodwa-ke, amaphutha kagesi esizeni sokwakha awavamile, futhi amaphutha okuvuza avame ukwenzeka, njengokuvuza okubangelwa ukumanzi kwemishini, umthwalo omningi, izintambo ezinde, ukuguga, njll. Lawa manani amanje okuvuza mancane, futhi umshwalense awukwazi ukunqanyulwa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ukwehluleka ngeke kuqedwe ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi kuzoba khona isikhathi eside. Kodwa lokhu kuvuza kwamanje kubangela usongo olukhulu ekuphepheni komuntu siqu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka futhi ukufaka isivikeli sokuvuza esinokuzwela okuphezulu ukuze kuvikeleke okungeziwe.
11. Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuvikela ukuvuza?
Impendulo: Umvikeli wokuvuza uhlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuhlangabezana nokukhethwa kokusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, ngokuya ngemodi yesenzo, ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwesenzo se-voltage kanye nohlobo lwesenzo samanje; ngokwendlela yesenzo, kukhona uhlobo lokushintsha nohlobo lokudlulisela; ngokwenani lezigxobo nemigqa, kukhona isigxobo esisodwa esinezintambo ezimbili, izigxobo ezimbili, izigxobo ezimbili ezinezintambo ezintathu njalo njalo. Okulandelayo kuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuzwela kwesenzo kanye nesikhathi sesenzo: ①Ngokokuzwela kwesenzo, kungahlukaniswa kube: Ukuzwela okuphezulu: ukuvuza kwamanje kungaphansi kuka-30mA; Ukuzwela okuphakathi: 30 ~ 1000mA; Ukuzwela okuphansi: ngaphezu kwe-1000mA. ②Ngokwesikhathi sesenzo, ingahlukaniswa: uhlobo olusheshayo: isikhathi sokuvuza singaphansi kuka-0.1s; uhlobo lokulibaziseka: isikhathi sesenzo sikhulu kuno-0.1s, phakathi kuka-0.1-2s; uhlobo lwesikhathi esiphambene: njengoba ukuvuza kwamanje kukhuphuka, isikhathi sesenzo sokuvuza siyehla Sincane. Lapho kusetshenziswa ukuvuza okulinganiselwe ukusebenza kwamanje, isikhathi sokusebenza singu-0.2~1s; lapho ukusebenza kwamanje kuwu-1.4 izikhathi zamanje zokusebenza, kungu-0.1, 0.5s; lapho ukusebenza kwamanje kuwu-4.4 izikhathi zamanje zokusebenza, kungaphansi kuka-0.05s.
12. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezivikeli zokuvuza zikagesi neze-electromagnetic?
Impendulo: Isivikeli sokuvuza sihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo lwe-elekthronikhi kanye nohlobo lwe-electromagnetic ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuthiphusha: ①Isivikeli sokuvuza sohlobo lwe-electromagnetic tripping, nedivayisi yokukhubeka ye-electromagnetic njengendlela ephakathi, lapho ukuvuza kwamanje kwenzeka, umshini uyakhubeka futhi ugesi uyanqanyulwa. Ububi balesi sivikeli yilezi: izindleko eziphezulu kanye nezidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinzuzo yilezi: izingxenye ze-electromagnetic zine-anti-interference eqinile kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka (ukushaqeka kwe-overcurrent kanye ne-overvoltage); akukho ugesi osizayo odingekayo; izici zokuvuza ngemuva kwe-voltage engu-zero nokwehluleka kwesigaba zihlala zingashintshile. ②Isivikeli sokuvuza sika-elekthronikhi sisebenzisa i-transistor amplifier njengendlela emaphakathi. Uma ukuvuza kwenzeka, kukhuliswa i-amplifier bese idluliselwa ku-relay, futhi i-relay ilawula iswishi ukuze inqamule ukunikezwa kwamandla. Izinzuzo zalo mvikeli yilezi: ukuzwela okuphezulu (kufika ku-5mA); iphutha elincane lokusetha, inqubo elula yokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Ukungalungi yilezi: i-transistor inekhono elibuthakathaka lokumelana nokushaqeka futhi inokumelana kabi nokuphazanyiswa kwemvelo; idinga isisetshenziswa samandla esisebenzayo (ama-amplifiers kagesi ngokuvamile adinga amandla kagesi e-DC angaphezu kweshumi lamavolthi), ukuze izici zokuvuza zithintwe ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi; lapho isifunda esiyinhloko siphuma esigabeni, isivikelo somvikeli sizolahleka.
13. Iyini imisebenzi yokuvikela ye-breaker circuit evuzayo?
Impendulo: Isivikeli sokuvuza siwumshini ohlinzeka ngokuvikeleka lapho okokusebenza kukagesi kunephutha lokuvuza. Uma ufaka isivikelo sokuvuza, idivayisi eyengeziwe yokuvikela i-overcurrent kufanele ifakwe. Uma i-fuse isetshenziswa njengesivikelo sesiyingi esifushane, ukukhethwa kwezicaciso zayo kufanele kuhambisane nekhono lokuvala lesivikeli sokuvuza. Njengamanje, i-breaker circuit evuzayo ehlanganisa idivayisi yokuvikela ukuvuza kanye neswishi yamandla (i-automatic air circuit breaker) isetshenziswa kakhulu. Lolu hlobo olusha lokushintshwa kwamandla lunemisebenzi yokuvikela isifunda esifushane, ukuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile, ukuvikela ukuvuza nokuvikela ugesi ongaphansi. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, i-wiring yenziwe lula, umthamo webhokisi likagesi uyancipha futhi ukuphathwa kulula. Incazelo yemodeli ye-nameplate ye-circuit breaker yamanje esele ingokulandelayo: Naka lapho uyisebenzisa, ngoba i-circuit breaker yamanje esele inezindawo eziningi zokuzivikela, lapho kwenzeka uhambo, imbangela yephutha kufanele ihlonzwe ngokucacile: Lapho i-circuit breaker yamanje esele iphukile ngenxa yesekethe emfishane, ikhava kufanele ivulwe ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi othintana nabo bakhona yini ama-pits amabi kakhulu. lapho umjikelezo ukhubeka ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile, awukwazi ukuphinda uvale ngokushesha. Njengoba i-circuit breaker ifakwe i-thermal relay njengesivikelo sokulayisha ngokweqile, lapho i-current elinganisiwe inkulu kune-current rated, ishidi le-bimetallic ligoba ukuze lihlukanise abathintwayo, futhi abathintwayo bangaphinda bavalwe ngemva kokuba ishidi le-bimetallic lipholile ngokwemvelo futhi libuyiselwe esimweni salo sangempela. Uma uhambo lubangelwa iphutha lokuvuza, imbangela kufanele itholakale futhi iphutha liqedwe ngaphambi kokuvala kabusha. Ukuvala ngenkani kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele. Lapho isiphazamiso esivuzayo siphuka futhi sihamba, isibambo esifana no-L sisendaweni emaphakathi. Uma ivalwa kabusha, isibambo sokusebenza sidinga ukudonswa phansi (indawo ephukayo) kuqala, ukuze indlela yokusebenza ivalwe kabusha, bese ivalwa phezulu. I-circuit breaker evuzayo ingasetshenziselwa ukushintsha izinto zikagesi ezinomthamo omkhulu (ongaphezu kuka-4.5kw) ezingasebenzi njalo ezintanjeni zikagesi.
14. Ungakhetha kanjani umvikeli wokuvuza?
Impendulo: Ukukhethwa kwesivikeli sokuvuza kufanele kukhethwe ngokuya nenjongo yokusebenzisa nezimo zokusebenza:
Khetha ngokwenhloso yokuvikela:
①Ngenhloso yokuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi komuntu siqu. Kufakwe ekugcineni komugqa, khetha isivikeli sokuvuza esizwela kakhulu, esisheshayo.
②Okwemigqa yegatsha esetshenziswa kanye nokugxiliswa kwemishini ngenjongo yokuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi, sebenzisa izivikeli zokuvuza ezizwela kakhulu, ezisheshayo.
③ Ngomugqa we-trunk ngenhloso yokuvimbela umlilo obangelwa ukuvuza nokuvikela imigqa nemishini, ukuzwela okuphakathi kanye nokulibaziseka kokuvuza kokuvikela isikhathi kufanele kukhethwe.
Khetha ngokuya ngemodi yokunikezwa kwamandla:
① Uma uvikela imigqa yesigaba esisodwa (izinto zokusebenza), sebenzisa izivikeli zokuvuza ezinezigxobo ezinezintambo ezimbili noma izigxobo ezimbili.
② Uma uvikela imigqa yezigaba ezintathu (izinto zokusebenza), sebenzisa imikhiqizo yezigxobo ezintathu.
③ Uma kukhona kokubili izigaba ezintathu kanye nesigaba esisodwa, sebenzisa izigxobo ezintathu ezinezintambo ezine noma imikhiqizo yezigxobo ezine. Uma ukhetha inombolo yezigxobo zomvikeli wokuvuza, kufanele ihambisane nenani lemigqa yolayini okufanele ivikelwe. Inombolo yezigxobo zesivikeli ibhekisela enanini lezintambo ezinganqanyulwa yilabo abathintwayo bokushintshwa kwangaphakathi, njengesivikelo sezigxobo ezintathu, okusho ukuthi oxhumana nabo beswitch banganqamula izintambo ezintathu. Izivikeli zezintambo ezine-pali eyodwa ezinezintambo ezimbili, izigxobo ezimbili ezinezintambo ezintathu kanye nezivikeli ezinezintambo ezine zonke zinentambo emaphakathi edlula ngokuqondile entweni yokuthola ukuvuza ngaphandle kokunqanyulwa. Sebenza umugqa onguziro, lesi siphetho sinqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuxhuma nolayini we-PE. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isivikelo sokuvuza esinezigxobo ezintathu akufanele sisetshenziselwe umshini kagesi wesigaba esisodwa sezintambo ezimbili (noma izigaba ezintathu zocingo olulodwa). Akufanelekile futhi ukusebenzisa isivikelo sokuvuza esinezigxobo ezine kumishini kagesi enezintambo ezintathu. Akuvunyelwe ukufaka isivikelo sokuvuza sesigaba sesithathu esinezigxobo ezine ngesivikelo sokuvuza esinezigaba ezintathu.
15. Ngokwezidingo zokusabalalisa amandla okulinganiselwe, zingaki izilungiselelo okufanele ibhokisi likagesi libe nazo?
Impendulo: Indawo yokwakha ngokuvamile isatshalaliswa ngokwamazinga amathathu, ngakho-ke amabhokisi kagesi kufanele futhi abekwe ngokuvumelana nokuhlukaniswa, okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwebhokisi eliyinhloko lokusabalalisa, kukhona ibhokisi lokusabalalisa, futhi ibhokisi lokushintsha litholakala ngaphansi kwebhokisi lokusabalalisa, futhi imishini kagesi ingaphansi kwebhokisi lokushintsha. . Ibhokisi lokusabalalisa liyisixhumanisi esimaphakathi sokudluliswa kwamandla nokusabalalisa phakathi komthombo wamandla nezinto zikagesi ohlelweni lokusabalalisa. Kuyidivayisi kagesi esetshenziswa ngokukhethekile ukusabalalisa amandla. Wonke amazinga okusabalalisa enziwa ngebhokisi lokusabalalisa. Ibhokisi lokusabalalisa eliyinhloko lilawula ukusatshalaliswa kwalo lonke uhlelo, futhi ibhokisi lokusabalalisa lilawula ukusatshalaliswa kwegatsha ngalinye. Ibhokisi lokushintsha liwukuphela kwesistimu yokusabalalisa amandla, futhi phansi kakhulu impahla kagesi. Impahla kagesi ngayinye ilawulwa yibhokisi layo lokushintshwa elizinikele, lisebenzisa umshini owodwa nesango elilodwa. Ungasebenzisi ibhokisi lokushintsha elilodwa kumadivayisi amaningana ukuze uvimbele izingozi zokusebenzisa kabi; futhi ungahlanganisi amandla nokulawula ukukhanyisa ebhokisini elilodwa lokushintsha ukuvimbela ukukhanyisa ukuthintwa ukwehluleka kwentambo yamandla. Ingxenye engenhla yebhokisi lokushintsha ixhunywe kumandla kagesi kanti ingxenye engezansi ixhunywe emishinini kagesi, esetshenziswa njalo futhi eyingozi, futhi kufanele inakwe. Ukukhethwa kwezingxenye zikagesi ebhokisini likagesi kufanele kushintshwe kumjikelezo kanye nempahla kagesi. Ukufakwa kwebhokisi likagesi liqondile futhi liqinile, futhi kunendawo yokusebenza elizungezile. Awekho amanzi amile noma ama-sundries phansi, futhi awukho umthombo wokushisa nokudlidliza eduze. Ibhokisi likagesi kufanele lingavumeli imvula futhi lingangeni uthuli. Ibhokisi lokushintsha akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-3m kude nempahla engaguquki okufanele ilawulwe.
16. Kungani kufanele usebenzise ukuvikela okulinganiselwe?
Impendulo: Ngoba ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi aphansi kanye nokusabalalisa ngokuvamile kusebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla asezingeni. Uma umvikeli wokuvuza efakwe kuphela ekupheleni komugqa (ebhokisini lokushintsha), nakuba umugqa wephutha unganqanyulwa lapho ukuvuza kwenzeka, ububanzi bokuvikela buncane; ngokufanayo, uma kuphela umugqa wesiqu segatsha (ebhokisini lokusabalalisa) noma umugqa we-trunk (ibhokisi lokusabalalisa elikhulu) efakiwe Faka isivikeli sokuvuza, nakuba ububanzi bokuvikela bukhulu, uma umshini othile kagesi uvuza futhi uhamba, kuzobangela ukuthi lonke uhlelo luphelelwe amandla, okungathinti nje ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini engenaphutha, kodwa futhi kwenza kube nzima ukuthola ingozi. Ngokusobala, lezi zindlela zokuvikela azanele. indawo. Ngakho-ke, izidingo ezihlukene ezifana nolayini nomthwalo kufanele zixhunywe, futhi abavikeli abanezici zesenzo sokuvuza ezihlukene kufanele bafakwe kulayini oyinhloko we-low-voltage, umugqa wegatsha kanye nesiphetho somugqa ukuze bakhe inethiwekhi yokuvikela ukuvuza okulinganiselwe. Endabeni yokuvikela okulinganiselwe, izigaba zokuvikela ezikhethiwe kuwo wonke amazinga kufanele zibambisane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isivikeli sokuvuza ngeke seqe isenzo lapho iphutha lokuvuza noma ingozi yokushaqeka kukagesi yomuntu siqu kwenzeka ekugcineni; ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi lapho umvikeli wezinga eliphansi ehluleka, umvikeli wezinga eliphezulu uzothatha isinyathelo sokulungisa umvikeli osezingeni eliphansi. Ukwehluleka ngengozi. Ukuqaliswa kokuvikelwa okulinganiselwe kwenza umshini ngamunye kagesi ube namazinga angaphezu kwamabili ezinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvuza, okungagcini nje ukudala izimo zokusebenza eziphephile zemishini kagesi ekupheleni kwayo yonke imigqa yegridi yamandla aphansi, kodwa futhi inikeza ukuxhumana okuningi okuqondile nokungaqondile ukuphepha komuntu siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inganciphisa ububanzi bokunqamuka kukagesi lapho kwenzeka iphutha, futhi kulula ukuthola nokuthola iphuzu lephutha, elinomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphephile, ukunciphisa izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi, nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokusebenza.