incazelo ye-Circuit Breakers
I-Circuit Breaker iyithuluzi elibalulekile ohlelweni lwamandla elisetshenziselwa ukuvikela nokulawula amasekethe. Ingavala, ithwale futhi iphule ugesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile noma zamaphutha. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ifaka phakathi ukuvikela ngokweqile, ukuvikela i-short-circuit, ukuvikela i-undervoltage, njll. Ilingana nokuhlanganiswa kwama-fuse kanye nama-over/under-voltage thermal relay, kodwa inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha.

Amapharamitha ayinhloko esici
I-voltage elinganisiwe (Ue): I-voltage ephezulu kakhulu lapho i-circuit breaker isebenza khona ngokujwayelekile, njenge-220V, 380V, njll. 37

Isilinganiso samanje (In): Inani lamanje eliphakeme kakhulu elingathwalwa ngokuphephile isikhathi eside, okumele libe likhulu kunesikhathi sokusebenza sesekethe ngo-35%.

Umthamo wokuphuka (Icu/Ics): Umthamo wokugcina wokuphuka kwe-short-circuit (Icu) ubhekisela ekhonweni lokuphuka umkhawulo ophezulu we-short-circuit ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umthamo wokuphuka kokusebenza (Ics) ubhekisela emkhawulweni wamanje ongasetshenziswa ngemva kokuphuka. Ngokuvamile, ama-frame circuit breaker adinga i-Ics≥50%Icu, kanti ama-molded case circuit breaker adinga i-Ics≥25% ICU.

Ugesi omelana nesikhathi esifushane (Icw): Amandla e-circuit breaker okumelana nogesi omelana nesikhathi esifushane esikhathini esithile ngaphandle kokulimala.

Ii. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwama-Circuit Breakers
1. Ngezinga le-voltage
Ama-circuit breaker ane-voltage ephezulu: Asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-3kV nangaphezulu. Imidiya evamile yokucisha i-arc ihlanganisa i-sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), i-vacuum, uwoyela, njll. 4

Ama-circuit breaker ane-voltage ephansi ahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: uhlobo lohlaka (i-ACB), uhlobo lwe-case olubunjiwe (i-MCCB), kanye nohlobo oluncane (i-MCB). 57.

2. Ngokwesakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa
I-circuit breaker yohlobo lohlaka (i-ACB)
Isilinganiso samandla kagesi: 200A kuya ku-6300A, sihlonyiswe ngokuvikelwa kwezigaba ezine (ukubambezeleka isikhathi eside, ukubambezeleka okufushane, iphutha elisheshayo, kanye nephutha lomhlabathi), sisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuvikeleni amaswishi amakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusabalalisa noma imishini enamandla amakhulu.

I-Molded case circuit breaker (MCCB)
Isakhiwo esincane, esilinganiselwe amandla kagesi angu-10A kuya ku-1600A, sifanelekela ukuvikelwa kwesekethe yegatsha. I-MCCB kagesi isekela ukuvikelwa okukhethiwe, kanti amanye amamodeli anomsebenzi we-regional interlock 57.

I-Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
Isetshenziswa kumasekethe okugcina angaphansi kuka-125A (njengawasekhaya nawamabhizinisi), atholakala ngemininingwane engu-1P kuya ku-4P, futhi isekela ukuvikelwa kokugcwala ngokweqile, isekethe esifushane kanye nokuvuza.

3. Cindezela ubuchwepheshe bokucima i-arc
I-vacuum circuit breaker: Ukucima okusheshayo kwe-arc, impilo yesevisi ende, kufanelekile ezimweni zokusebenza njalo 4.

I-SF6 circuit breaker: Inamandla okushisa ashisayo futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu ekucimeni igesi futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-high voltage. Ubumsulwa begesi budinga ukuhlolwa njalo.

Iii. Izimiso Zokukhetha I-Circuit Breaker
Fanisa amapharamitha wesekethe
I-voltage elinganisiwe ≥ i-voltage yomugqa, i-current elinganisiwe ≥ i-load current ephezulu, umthamo wokuphuka ≥ i-short-circuit current elindelekile 57.

Uhlobo lomthwalo oluhambisanayo
Ukuvikelwa kwenjini kudinga ukucabangela ugesi oqalayo (inani lokusetha ukuhamba okusheshayo liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.35 kuya ku-1.7 ugesi oqalayo). Isekethe yokukhanyisa ithatha ugesi olayishayo izikhathi eziyisithupha ongu-78.

Ukuhlanganiswa okukhethiwe
Ama-circuit breaker aphezulu naphansi adinga ukuhlangabezana nomehluko wesikhathi (njengomehluko wesenzo sokubambezeleka okufushane ≥0.1s) kanye nomehluko wamanje (umthamo wesenzo wezinga eliphezulu ≥ izikhathi ezingu-1.2 kunalowo wezinga eliphansi) ukuze kugwenywe ukukhubeka ngokweqile.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwemvelo
Ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ezinomswakama noma ezishisa kakhulu, kufanele kukhethwe amamodeli akhethekile futhi kulungiswe ugesi olinganiselwe (kudingeka ukunciphisa amandla lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula u-40℃). 13.

Iv. Ukuhlolwa Nokulungiswa Kwe-Circuit Breaker
Izinto ezibalulekile zokuhlola
Ukumelana kokuthintana okuqinile/okuguquguqukayo: Thola ukulahleka kokuthintana 12.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezici zemishini: Isikhathi sokuvula nokuvala, isivinini kanye nesikhathi esifanayo 14.

Ukusebenza kokufakwa kokushisa: Ukubekezelela ukuhlolwa kwe-voltage, ukutholwa kwezinga le-vacuum (kuma-vacuum circuit breakers) 14.

Ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzi wokuvikela: Ukulinganiswa kwamanani esenzo sokukhubeka ngokweqile kanye ne-short-circuit 8.

Amaphuzu abalulekile okulungisa
Ukuhlolwa okuvamile: Umfutho wegesi (i-SF6 circuit breaker), i-contact ablation, i-mechanism lubrication 48.

Ukuhlolwa kokuvimbela: Kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ezifana ne-GB/T 1984 kanye ne-GB 14048, kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-1 kuya kwemi-3.

Ukuphathwa kwephutha: Uma kwenzeka ukushoda kukawoyela, ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukuqhuma, kudingeka ukwahlukaniswa okuphuthumayo futhi izinkinga ngohlelo lokuxhumana noma lokucisha i-arc kufanele ziphenywe. 4.

V. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinkinga Ezivamile
Umehluko phakathi kwe-circuit breaker kanye ne-disconnector
Isixhumi (QS) sisetshenziswa kuphela ukuhlukanisa ugesi futhi asinawo amandla okucima i-arc. I-circuit breaker (QF) inganqamula ugesi wephutha ongu-12.

Ukubaluleka kwe-Icu ne-Ics
I-Icu ibonisa amandla okuphuka aphezulu, kanti i-Ics ibonisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Imigqa eyinhloko igxile ku-Ics, kuyilapho imigqa yegatsha igxile ku-Icu8.

Ukukhethwa kwama-circuit breaker akhawulela amandla kagesi
Qondanisa ukucindezeleka kokushisa kwekhebula ngejika elikhawulela ugesi, bese unikeza kuqala amamodeli anejubane lokuphuka okusheshayo (njengeziphuli zesekethe ze-vacuum) 78.

Ukuvikelwa kokuvuza akusebenzanga kahle
Ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokwehla kokufakwa komoya noma ukuqina okungekuhle, kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuvuza kwamandla nokulungisa umkhawulo wesenzo (ngokuvamile kusuka ku-30mA kuya ku-300mA)