Wonke umuntu cishe ujwayelene namamitha wamandla kagesi. Namuhla, amamitha ahlakaniphile avame ukusetshenziselwa ukukala nokukhokhisa ugesi wasendlini. Uma ubhekisisa kahle, uzothola ukuthi kunepharamitha engu-5 (60) ebhalwe endaweni evelele yemitha yamandla kagesi.

Isibonelo, ipharamitha esendingilizini ebomvu esithombeni esingenhla: 5 (60) A. Uma sibheka iyunithi, siyazi ukuthi ibhalwe njengeyamanje, ngakho-ke buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwale misinga emibili? Kwenzekani uma umsinga weqiwe? Ake sikhulume ngokuthi ama-curls amabili abhekiselani kubakaki bangaphandle (5) nangaphakathi kubakaki (60).
Okwamanje kubakaki
I-current in parentheses - 60A esibonelweni, ibhekisela kumthamo olinganiselwe wamanje wemitha yamandla. Ngokuhlukile kwezinye izinto zokusebenza, umthamo olinganisiwe wemitha yamandla kagesi uthintwa kakhulu yizici zemvelo, ngakho-ke umkhawulo othile uvame ukushiywa lapho usuka embonini - isilinganiso sangempela samanje esilinganiselwe singu-120% wamanje omakiwe. Ngakho-ke, uma inombolo ekubakaki ingu-60, umkhawulo wayo wamanje olinganiselwe ngu-72A - uma kungeyona indawo enzima kakhulu, umthelela wesilinganiso esiphezulu samanje ngeke sifinyelele ku-20%. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso esiphezulu samanje semitha esimakwe ngo-60A ngokuvamile singama-66A ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela.
Kwenzekani uma leli nani leqiwa? Impendulo yizilinganiso ezingalungile - mhlawumbe ngaphezulu, mhlawumbe ngaphansi.
Abakaki bangaphandle bamanje
U-5 ngaphandle kwabakaki lapha ubizwa ngokuthi i-basic current, ebizwa nangokuthi i-calibration current. Kunqunywa ukuqala kwamanje kwemitha yamandla kagesi - inani elincane lamanje elivumela imitha kagesi ukuthi ijikeleze ngokuqhubekayo futhi ilinganise ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuqala kwe-smart meter evamile ngu-0.4% wamanje olinganiselwe. Okusho ukuthi, imitha enesilinganiso samanje se-5A izokhokhiswa inqobo nje uma i-current in circuit ifinyelela ku-0.02A uma isetshenziswa. Kuzoba nesilinganiso phakathi kwamanje okulinganiselwe kanye nenani eliphezulu lamanje elilinganiselwe, elifana no-5 (60) A, okuwubudlelwane obuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-4. Lesi silinganiso sibizwa ngokuthi “ububanzi bomthwalo”. Ngokuvamile, kunezikhathi ezi-2, izikhathi ezingu-4, izikhathi ezingu-6, izikhathi ezingu-8 noma ngisho nangaphezu kwezikhathi eziyishumi - ubukhulu bobubanzi bomthwalo, buqinile izinga lobuchwepheshe elidingekayo, futhi intengo yemitha izoba phezulu ngokwemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, izinombolo ezingaphandle kwabakaki azihlobene kancane nokusetshenziswa kwangempela komsebenzisi—okungaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwaleli nani ngeke kuthinte ukulinganiswa kwemitha. Ngokuyinhloko kunezici ezimbili ezithintwa amandla wamanje wokulinganisa: intengo yemitha (ehlobene nobubanzi bomthwalo) kanye neyokuqala yamanje (ebalwa amandla wamanje wokulinganisa).